Heredity

Class 10 · Science

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Sample Questions

Q1.In Mendel's cross between round-seeded yellow (RRYY) and wrinkled-seeded green (rryy) pea plants, what is the phenotype of all F1 plants?

AAll wrinkled and green
BAll round and yellow
CHalf round-yellow, half wrinkled-green
DA mixture of all four phenotypes

Q2.In humans, the 23rd pair of chromosomes is:

AIdentical in both males and females
BThe sex chromosomes (XX in females and XY in males)
CAutosomes that control gender
DAlways passed intact from mother to child

Q3.What are alleles?

ADifferent chromosomes in a cell
BAlternative forms of a gene that occupy the same locus on homologous chromosomes
CGenes that are located on sex chromosomes
DCopies of DNA in a cell

Q4.How do fossils help determine the evolutionary relationships between organisms?

AFossils show exactly how DNA changed over time
BFossils show the sequence of appearance of organisms through time and their morphological features, suggesting evolutionary lineages
CFossils only exist for extinct organisms
DFossils show that organisms do not change over time

Q5.How does a change in a single gene ultimately lead to a visible change in an organism's phenotype?

AThe gene directly changes the cell's size
BA gene change alters the protein it encodes → altered protein changes a biochemical process (e.g., enzyme activity, hormone levels) → the altered biochemical process changes a cellular or developmental outcome → visible phenotypic change
CGenes directly determine phenotype without involving proteins
DA gene change always leads to the death of the cell

Q6.This is a sample question to preview what you'll get in the full practice test...

A. Option one
B. Option two
C. Option three
D. Option four

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Concepts Covered

1:1 ratio1:1:1:1 ratio3:1 ratio9:3:3:1 ratioDNADNA replicationDarwinF1 generationF1 genotype determinationF2 generationMendelMendel's actual dataMendel's experimental designMendel's experimentsMendel's factorsMendel's key insightMendel's pea plant experimentsMendelian inheritancePunnett squareX-linked recessiveXX-XYY chromosomeaccumulation of variationadaptationalbinismallele frequencyallelesallopatric speciationanalogous organsantibiotic resistanceasexual reproductionbat wingbiochemical pathwayblending theorycarriercell biologycell divisioncentral dogmachromosomescommon ancestrycomplementary approachescontrasting traitsconvergent evolutioncrossing overdata analysisdata interpretationdifferential reproductiondihybrid crossdiploiddominancedominant traitecosystemsenergyenzymeevidence for evolutionevolutionevolution of sex chromosomesfossilsfounder effectgametesgarden peagenegene expressiongene flowgene frequencygene-to-trait pathwaygenesgenetic divergencegenetic diversitygenetic driftgenetic informationgenetic variationgenotypegenotype classesgenotype determinationgenotype vs phenotypegenotypic ratiogeographic isolationgeological recordhaploidhaplosufficiencyheredityheritable variationheterozygousheterozygous carrierhistory of geneticshomologous organshomologous vs analogous organshomozygoushomozygous dominanthomozygous recessivehuman armhuman geneticsincomplete dominanceindependent assortmentinheritance patternsinherited traitsintermediate speciationinterpretation of evidenceisland biogeographylaw of independent assortmentlaw of segregationmacroevolutionmeiosismethodologymicroevolutionmodel organismmolecular basismolecular basis of dominancemolecular datamolecular phylogeneticsmonohybrid crossmultiple genesmutationnatural selectionnew combinationsnucleusparental contributionparticulate inheritancepea plant experimentsphenotypephenotypic ratiophotosynthesisphysical basis of heredityplant heightpopulation geneticsprobabilityprobability calculationprotein functionpure-breedingrecessive allelerecessive diseaserecessive traitrecombinationrelationshipreproductionreproductive isolationseed colourseed shapesegregationselection pressuresex chromosomessex determinationsex-linked inheritancesexual reproductionspeciationsurvivaltest crossvariationvestigial organs

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